Hungary: Facts & Stats

Demographics

Population:

Hungary has a population of 9,877,000 (2003 est.) The population density in 2002 was 109 per sq km (282 per sq mi).

Largest urban areas:

1. Budapest - 1,836,000
2. Debrecen - 216,137
3. Miskolc - 192,355
4. Szeged - 177,679
5. Pecs - 170,542
6. Nyíregyhaza - 114,955
7. Szekesfehervar - 111,478
8. Kecskemet - 104,563

Welfare:

In the late 1980s, the country's pension system covered about 85 percent of the population. Male workers could qualify for pensions at the age of sixty, female workers at the age of fifty-five. In the early 1950s, the country had had only 12 to 13 pensioners for every 100 active workers. In the late 1980s, however, the country had 50 pensioners for every 100 active workers. This trend placed a heavy burden on the government, the main source of pension funds.

The amount of a person's pension depended upon earnings and number of years of employment. In 1989 the minimum monthly pension was 3,340 forints (about US$54). Yearly cost-of-living increases had failed to keep up with inflation. In 1979 the government introduced major pension increases for the lowest-paid pensioners in an effort to improve the situation. The most vulnerable pensioners tended to be women, whose pensions averaged 25 percent less than men's pensions. More women had small pensions than men because women generally had worked fewer years and earned lower salaries. About 20 percent of all pensioners, worked to bring in additional income, usually undertaking part-time or seasonal work. In the 1980s, pensioners constituted a significant segment of the country's poor.

Education:

Education in Hungary is compulsory between the ages of 6 and 16. The child may have had the benefit of a kindergarten experience prior to school entry but formally begins school at 6 and remains in that school until 14. At 14 the child will attend a secondary school, either a grammar school devoted primarily to academic studies or a vocational school. While the pupil is permitted to leave school at 16, most continue to 18 years of age. Further study in institutes of higher education is by competitive entry and less than one fifth of all students go on to colleges and universities.

Private schooling is not a major part of the Hungarian educational system. This is because the state has consistently reaffirmed its commitment to full funding. In 1996 only 2 percent of all preprimary students were in private schools, 3 percent of primary school children were in school, and 5 percent of secondary students were in school.

Hungarian higher education has a dual system with colleges and universities. Some colleges are associated with universities and operate as college faculties within universities. A university can also offer college level courses. The duration of training at college level is minimum 3 years, maximum 4 years; the duration of education at university level is minimum 4 years, maximum 5 years.

Religion:

Being centrally located in the middle of Europe and having experienced the rule of everyone from the Austrian Hapsburgs to the Ottomans from Turkey, Hungary is a country with a diverse heritage of religions.

The majority of the population of Hungary is the Roman Catholic religion which accounts for about half of the total population of Hungary. The Catholic religion first became established in Hungary under the reign of King Stephen who was himself crowned as a holy king by the Pope at that time. Ever since the 10th century rule of King Stephen, Hungary has been a predominantly Roman Catholic country.

Followers of the Protestant religion in Hungary account for just over 20% of the population. Protestantism was first brought to Hungary during the reformation period in the 15th and 16th centuries. The largest group of Protestants in Hungary are the Calvinists who account for about 16% of the population while Lutherans make up about 3-4%.

Hungary has a long history of the Jewish religion. The Jewish community in Budapest was largely decimated by the Nazis in WWII which is reflected in the fact that before 1939 it is estimated that there were about 400,000 followers of the Jewish religion in Hungary whereas today that number is closer to only 80,000.

There is a small but very interesting presence of Hungarians who follow the religion of Islam, which dates back to Ottoman Turk rule. During that time several thousands of Hungarians converted to Islam and although the community has all but disappeared from public display, there are nevertheless believed to be several thousand natives of Hungary who are Muslims.

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